When functioning as transmission lines, though, waveguides are considerably simpler than two-conductor cables-especially coaxial cables-in their manufacture and maintenance. Below such frequencies, waveguides are useless as electrical transmission lines. Waveguides are practical only for signals of extremely high frequency, where the wavelength approaches the cross-sectional dimensions of the waveguide. Wave guides conduct microwave energy at lower loss than coaxial cables. The tube wall provides distributed inductance, while the empty space between the tube walls provide distributed capacitance: Figure below A waveguide is a special form of transmission line consisting of a hollow, metal tube.
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